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	<id>https://wiki.treasurers.org/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Hub-and-spoke</id>
	<title>Hub-and-spoke - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-08-14T02:02:31Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.treasurers.org/w/index.php?title=Hub-and-spoke&amp;diff=25003&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>imported&gt;Doug Williamson: Expand link title.</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.treasurers.org/w/index.php?title=Hub-and-spoke&amp;diff=25003&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-03-18T12:20:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Expand link title.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 12:20, 18 March 2023&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l41&quot;&gt;Line 41:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 41:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Other resources==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Other resources==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://www.bis.org/about/bisih/topics/cbdc/icebreaker.htm Project Icebreaker concludes experiment for a new architecture for cross-border retail CBDCs]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://www.bis.org/about/bisih/topics/cbdc/icebreaker.htm Project Icebreaker concludes experiment for a new architecture for cross-border retail CBDCs]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://www.bis.org/publ/othp61.pdf Report - Icebreaker - Breaking new paths in cross-border retail CBDC payments - March 2023]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://www.bis.org/publ/othp61.pdf &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;BIS &lt;/ins&gt;Report - Icebreaker - Breaking new paths in cross-border retail CBDC payments - March 2023]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Accounting,_tax_and_regulation]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Accounting,_tax_and_regulation]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<author><name>imported&gt;Doug Williamson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.treasurers.org/w/index.php?title=Hub-and-spoke&amp;diff=25002&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>imported&gt;Doug Williamson: Create page - source - BIS - https://www.bis.org/about/bisih/topics/cbdc/icebreaker.htm</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.treasurers.org/w/index.php?title=Hub-and-spoke&amp;diff=25002&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-03-18T12:20:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Create page - source - BIS - https://www.bis.org/about/bisih/topics/cbdc/icebreaker.htm&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;''Central bank digital currencies (CBDC) - Bank for International Settlements (BIS) - cross-border transactions.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hub-and-spoke is an approach to cross-border CBDC transactions in which domestic retail CBDCs do not leave their own systems.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Instead, the cross-border transaction is broken down into two domestic payments, facilitated by a foreign exchange provider active in both domestic systems. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color:#4B0082&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''''Hub-and-spoke could reduce settlement and counterparty risk'''''&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;quot;As detailed in the report, Project Icebreaker sets out to explore a specific way to interlink domestic systems (a so-called hub-and-spoke solution). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:A cross-border transaction is broken down into two domestic payments, facilitated by a foreign exchange provider active in both domestic systems. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Therefore, retail CBDCs never need to leave their own systems... &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:The project also demonstrated that the hub-and-spoke model can reduce settlement and counterparty risk by using coordinated payments in central bank money; and complete cross-border transactions within seconds. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:For countries considering the development of a domestic CBDC, the project provides a model for extending them and innovative services into cross-border transactions.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:''Bank for International Settlements - March 2023.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Bank for International Settlements]]  (BIS)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Central bank digital currency]]  (CBDC)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Counterparty risk]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Digital currency]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Fiat currency]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Foreign exchange]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hub]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Multi-CBDC arrangement]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Project Icebreaker]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Retail central bank digital currency]]  (rCBDC)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Sand Dollar]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Settlement risk]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wholesale central bank digital currency]] (wCBDC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Other resources==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.bis.org/about/bisih/topics/cbdc/icebreaker.htm Project Icebreaker concludes experiment for a new architecture for cross-border retail CBDCs]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.bis.org/publ/othp61.pdf Report - Icebreaker - Breaking new paths in cross-border retail CBDC payments - March 2023]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Accounting,_tax_and_regulation]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:The_business_context]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Identify_and_assess_risks]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Manage_risks]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Risk_frameworks]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Risk_reporting]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Financial_products_and_markets]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Technology]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>imported&gt;Doug Williamson</name></author>
	</entry>
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