Periodic yield

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Periodic yield is a rate of return - or cost of borrowing - expressed as the proportion by which the amount at the end of the period exceeds the amount at the start.


Example 1

GBP 1 million is borrowed or invested.

GBP 1.03 million is repayable at the end of the period.


The periodic yield (r) is:

r = (End amount / start amount) - 1

Which can also be expressed as:

r = (End / Start) - 1

or

r = <math>\frac{End}{Start}</math> - 1


= <math>\frac{1.03}{1}</math> - 1

= 0.03

= 3%


Example 2

GBP 0.97 million is borrowed or invested.

GBP 1.00 million is repayable at the end of the period.


The periodic yield (r) is:

r = <math>\frac{End}{Start}</math> - 1


= <math>\frac{1.00}{0.97}</math> - 1

= 0.030928

= 3.0928%


Check:

Amount at end = 0.97 x 1.030928 = 1.00, as expected.


Example 3

GBP 0.97 million is invested.

The periodic yield is 3.0928%.

Calculate the amount repayable at the end of the period.


Solution

The periodic yield (r) is defined as:

r = <math>\frac{End}{Start}</math> - 1


Rearranging this relationship:

1 + r = <math>\frac{End}{Start}</math>


End = Start x (1 + r)


Substituting the given information into this relationship:

End = GBP 0.97m x (1 + 0.030928)

= GBP 1.00m


Example 4

An investment will pay out a single amount of GBP 1.00m at its final maturity after one period.

The periodic yield is 3.0928%.

Calculate the amount invested at the start of the period.


Solution

As before, the periodic yield (r) is defined as:

r = <math>\frac{End}{Start}</math> - 1


Rearranging this relationship:

1 + r = <math>\frac{End}{Start}</math>


Start = <math>\frac{End}{(1 + r)}</math>


Substitute the given data into this relationship:

Start = <math>\frac{1.00}{(1 + 0.030928)}</math>


= GBP 0.97m


Check:

Amount at start = 0.97 x 1.030928 = 1.00, as expected.


Effective annual rate

The periodic yield (r) is related to the effective annual rate (EAR), and each can be calculated from the other.


See also