Dollarization
1. Currency - emerging markets - US dollar.
A process in which a country starts to accept a foreign currency for certain purposes, in parallel with its domestic currency.
Most commonly an emerging market country might start to accept a more established foreign currency, for example the US dollar.
This process is also sometimes known as currency substitution.
A small number of countries have discontinued their domestic currencies and adopted the foreign currency in full.
For example, Panama's currency is the US dollar.
2. Financial modelling - spreadsheets - construction - cell references.
In financial modelling with spreadsheets, dollarized - or absolute - refers to cell references when they're copied around the spreadsheet.
Fully absolute cell references - for example $A$1 in Excel - will stay as $A$1 wherever we copy them within the spreadsheet.
This kind of cell reference is sometimes also known as an anchored - or fixed - reference.
Contrasted with a standard relative cell reference - for example A1.
Relative cell references are the default.
