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1. | 1. ''Inflation & inflation adjustment.'' | ||
A term which has been restated to exclude the effects of inflation. | A term which has been restated to exclude the effects of inflation. | ||
When inflation is positive, real terms measures of future amounts are correspondingly smaller, the effects of inflationary growth having been stripped out. | |||
<span style="color:#4B0082">'''Example 1'''</span> | |||
If £100 is invested for a year | |||
at a nominal rate of 10% and | at a nominal rate of 10% and | ||
| Line 12: | Line 14: | ||
inflation is 2%, | inflation is 2%, | ||
we can say that the nominal rate is 10% | we can say that the nominal rate is 10%, | ||
but the real rate is only | but the real rate is only: | ||
= 7.84% | = (1.10 / 1.02) - 1 | ||
= 7.84% | |||
all rates being expressed as effective annual rates. | all rates being expressed as effective annual rates. | ||
| Line 26: | Line 30: | ||
Notice how the inflation rate and the real rate compound together to produce the nominal rate | Notice how the inflation rate and the real rate compound together to produce the nominal rate. | ||
<span style="color:#4B0082">'''Example 2'''</span> | |||
(1.02 x 1.0784) - 1 | (1.02 x 1.0784) - 1 | ||
| Line 35: | Line 42: | ||
When either the inflation rate or the real rate is low, the result is approximately the same as simply adding or subtracting rates. | When either the inflation rate or the real rate is low, the result is approximately the same as simply adding or subtracting rates. | ||
<span style="color:#4B0082">'''Example 3'''</span> | |||
When the nominal rate is 6% | |||
and the inflation rate is 4%, | and the inflation rate is 4%, | ||
| Line 43: | Line 51: | ||
the real rate is approximately: | the real rate is approximately: | ||
6% - 4% | = 6% - 4% | ||
= +2%. | = +2%. | ||
(Calculated more strictly, it would be (1.06/1.04) - 1 = +1.92%, all rates being effective annual rates.) | (Calculated more strictly, it would be (1.06 / 1.04) - 1 = +1.92%, all rates being effective annual rates.) | ||
<span style="color:#4B0082">'''Example 4'''</span> | |||
When the nominal rate is 3% | |||
and the inflation rate is 4%, | and the inflation rate is 4%, | ||
| Line 58: | Line 66: | ||
the real rate is approximately: | the real rate is approximately: | ||
3% - 4% | = 3% - 4% | ||
= -1%. | = -1%. | ||
(Calculated more strictly, it would be (1.03/1.04) - 1 = -0.96%.) | (Calculated more strictly, it would be (1.03 / 1.04) - 1 = -0.96%.) | ||
2. | 2. ''Inflation - investment'' | ||
Inflation-proof. | Inflation-proof. | ||
3. | 3. ''Tangible & intangible assets.'' | ||
Tangible. | |||
For example the ''real assets'' of a business would include its stock, plant and machinery. | |||
4. | 4. ''Tangible assets - land & buildings.'' | ||
''Real property'' means land and buildings. | ''Real property'' means land and buildings. | ||
5. | 5. ''Practical applications.'' | ||
Real-life issues and opportunities are those with a strong foundation in practical experience. | Real-life issues and opportunities are those with a strong foundation in practical experience. | ||
| Line 88: | Line 98: | ||
6. | 6. ''Options - real options''. | ||
Relating to an operational decision or outcome. | |||
7. | 7. ''Economics - real economy''. | ||
Referring to the part of the total economy which excludes financial markets and financial services. | |||
8. ''Brazil - currency''. | |||
The Brazilian Real (BRL) is the currency of Brazil. | |||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Annual effective rate]] | |||
* [[Brazil]] | |||
* [[BRL]] | |||
* [[Commercial real estate]] (CRE) | |||
* [[Corporate real estate]] | |||
* [[Currency]] | |||
* [[Economics]] | |||
* [[Effective annual rate]] | |||
* [[Financial]] | |||
* [[FIRE economy]] | |||
* [[Inflation]] | * [[Inflation]] | ||
* [[Intangible]] | |||
* [[Investment]] | |||
* [[Monetary]] | |||
* [[Money terms]] | |||
* [[Nominal]] | |||
* [[Real asset]] | |||
* [[Real economy]] | |||
* [[Real estate]] | |||
* [[Real exchange rate]] | |||
* [[Real GDP]] | |||
* [[Real income]] | |||
* [[Real interest rate]] | * [[Real interest rate]] | ||
* [[Real option]] | |||
* [[Real interest rate]] | |||
* [[Real property]] | |||
* [[Real rate]] | * [[Real rate]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Real return]] | ||
* [[Real | * [[Real terms]] | ||
* [[Real | * [[Real-time]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Real-time gross settlement system]] (RTGS) | ||
* [[Real-time Payments]] | |||
* [[Real-time processing]] | |||
* [[Real-Time Rail]] | |||
* [[Real-time settlement]] | |||
* [[Real-time transmission]] | |||
* [[Real-time treasury]] | |||
* [[Tangible]] | |||
* [[Treasury inflation-indexed securities]] | * [[Treasury inflation-indexed securities]] | ||
[[Category:Corporate_financial_management]] | |||
Latest revision as of 11:36, 5 March 2025
1. Inflation & inflation adjustment.
A term which has been restated to exclude the effects of inflation.
When inflation is positive, real terms measures of future amounts are correspondingly smaller, the effects of inflationary growth having been stripped out.
Example 1
If £100 is invested for a year
at a nominal rate of 10% and
inflation is 2%,
we can say that the nominal rate is 10%,
but the real rate is only:
= (1.10 / 1.02) - 1
= 7.84%
all rates being expressed as effective annual rates.
This is because goods which cost £100 today will cost £102 in a year's time.
Therefore only a 7.84% return has been made if we take into account the new prices of goods.
Notice how the inflation rate and the real rate compound together to produce the nominal rate.
Example 2
(1.02 x 1.0784) - 1
= 10%.
When either the inflation rate or the real rate is low, the result is approximately the same as simply adding or subtracting rates.
Example 3
When the nominal rate is 6%
and the inflation rate is 4%,
the real rate is approximately:
= 6% - 4%
= +2%.
(Calculated more strictly, it would be (1.06 / 1.04) - 1 = +1.92%, all rates being effective annual rates.)
Example 4
When the nominal rate is 3%
and the inflation rate is 4%,
the real rate is approximately:
= 3% - 4%
= -1%.
(Calculated more strictly, it would be (1.03 / 1.04) - 1 = -0.96%.)
2. Inflation - investment
Inflation-proof.
3. Tangible & intangible assets.
Tangible.
For example the real assets of a business would include its stock, plant and machinery.
4. Tangible assets - land & buildings.
Real property means land and buildings.
5. Practical applications.
Real-life issues and opportunities are those with a strong foundation in practical experience.
(Contrasted with other issues which are considered to be more theoretical.)
6. Options - real options.
Relating to an operational decision or outcome.
7. Economics - real economy.
Referring to the part of the total economy which excludes financial markets and financial services.
8. Brazil - currency.
The Brazilian Real (BRL) is the currency of Brazil.
See also
- Annual effective rate
- Brazil
- BRL
- Commercial real estate (CRE)
- Corporate real estate
- Currency
- Economics
- Effective annual rate
- Financial
- FIRE economy
- Inflation
- Intangible
- Investment
- Monetary
- Money terms
- Nominal
- Real asset
- Real economy
- Real estate
- Real exchange rate
- Real GDP
- Real income
- Real interest rate
- Real option
- Real interest rate
- Real property
- Real rate
- Real return
- Real terms
- Real-time
- Real-time gross settlement system (RTGS)
- Real-time Payments
- Real-time processing
- Real-Time Rail
- Real-time settlement
- Real-time transmission
- Real-time treasury
- Tangible
- Treasury inflation-indexed securities
