Duality principle and Mid-sized companies: Difference between pages

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imported>Doug Williamson
(Add second definition.)
 
imported>Doug Williamson
(Make verb into 'turn over' and add apostrophe in firm's.)
 
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1. ''Bookkeeping and accounting''.
Smaller, large companies.


The dual aspect principle that every accounting transaction affects two accounts.
Often firms are classified as small, medium or large. Different definitions of the categories apply for different purposes, in different jurisdictions and in formal and informal use.


Therefore the balance sheet should always remain in balance.
A common grouping is [[Small and Medium-sized Enterprises]] (SMEs). They may benefit from easier financial reporting requirements, tax provisions or eligibility for various government-provided support.


Most firms are small, some are medium-sized and few are large. But the size of firms in the large category vary greatly. It has become useful to distinguish smaller large companies for some purposes.


2. ''Internal controls''.
For example, in European Union usage, SMEs do not exceed €43m in turnover while large companies turn over many billions. Opportunities of many kinds vary materially with a firm's size, for example, the available range of investment and financing opportunities.


In risk management and governance, duality is the organisational principle that any process capable of generating a significant impact or loss should be subject to independent review.
In the UK, the idea of Mid-sized companies, with turnover of up to £500m and of Mid-sized companies with up to £1bn turnover has developed. By early 2015 the idea of mid-size has been taken up by some authors in euro-terms as a broad Mid-sized company range up to €1.2bn turnover.


No doubt terminology will continue to develop until its use in law and regulation makes further change more difficult or confusing.


== See also ==
[[Category:The_business_context]]
* [[Bookkeeping]]
* [[Double entry]]
* [[Duality]]
* [[Four eyes]]
 
[[Category:Accounting,_tax_and_regulation]]

Revision as of 19:46, 6 April 2015

Smaller, large companies.

Often firms are classified as small, medium or large. Different definitions of the categories apply for different purposes, in different jurisdictions and in formal and informal use.

A common grouping is Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). They may benefit from easier financial reporting requirements, tax provisions or eligibility for various government-provided support.

Most firms are small, some are medium-sized and few are large. But the size of firms in the large category vary greatly. It has become useful to distinguish smaller large companies for some purposes.

For example, in European Union usage, SMEs do not exceed €43m in turnover while large companies turn over many billions. Opportunities of many kinds vary materially with a firm's size, for example, the available range of investment and financing opportunities.

In the UK, the idea of Mid-sized companies, with turnover of up to £500m and of Mid-sized companies with up to £1bn turnover has developed. By early 2015 the idea of mid-size has been taken up by some authors in euro-terms as a broad Mid-sized company range up to €1.2bn turnover.

No doubt terminology will continue to develop until its use in law and regulation makes further change more difficult or confusing.