Theory Z

'Theory Z' is used to describe a number of different developments of the Theory X and and Theory Y models identified by Douglas McGregor.

The best-known Theory Z was popularised by William Ouchi in his book, 'Theory Z: How American Management Can Meet the Japanese Challenge' (1981).

Theory Z's assumptions about employee motivation include:

• A strong desire for affiliation.
• An expectation of reciprocity and support from the employer.
• Valuing a working environment in which values including family, culture, and traditions are considered to be just as important as the work itself.
• Given the right management support, workers can be trusted to do their jobs to their utmost ability, and to look after for their own and others’ well-being.

See also

• Theory X
• Theory Y